Business Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Finance - Essay ExampleUnion (EU) and creation of bodies such as South Asian tie-up for Regional Cooperation (SCCRC), North Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO) and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) are all examples of such regionalization.Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is also peerless of these organizations which have been developed to promote the interests of the whole Southeast Asia. Being a fast growing sparing bloc, observers pay a special attention towards its monetary worth now and in future. Here we would focus on financial implications of ASEAN being our research question, vis--vis other blocs and in global economy as a whole. Our research method would be primarily comparative and analytical and will be based on available historical data, both in mark and electronic media, as primary research does not suit the purpose. We will also deliberate upon the individual contribution of member states wherever seems necessary.ASEAN was founded o n horrible 8, 1967. Initially, it had five member countries namely Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore. Since then, five more countries have joined ASEAN namely Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma and Laos making it a vibrant regional organization with ten members. in concert these domains look to strengthen their political, economic, social and cultural development.With the passage of time ASEAN has provided even bigger platforms for nations of the region to sit together. One of them is ASEAN plus three where three economic giants of East Asia i.e. China, South Korea and Japan also attend the meetings to further the cause of regional development. Similarly, the creation of East Asian Summit is another step towards such regional dialogue. East Asian Summit includes New Zealand, Australia and India in addition to the ASEAN plus three states making it a meeting point for 16 nation states.5. To mutually work for the development of agricultural, industrial and trade related issues.

Aggregate planning in manufacturing and aggregate planning in services Assignment

union planning in manufacturing and aggregate planning in services - Assignment ExampleCompanies dealing in manufacturing processes use a commixture of strategies. The most common methods argon the Level plans or the Chase strategies (Maropoulos, McKay & Bramall, 2002). The Chase method entails corresponding capacity and demand depending on the market situations. This method triggers a significant movement of human resource, increased costs associated with inventory carriage and labor union issues associated with human resource movement. This method ensures minimal inventory levels, save large sums of money for the company. The Level method entails a constant production level, not dependent on the demand levels in the market. Companies that apply this method, therefore, maintain a constant employment rate. Organizations are, therefore, able to control inventory depending on market demand forecasts or future anticipations.Service provision does not involve transparent goods and, t herefore, does not involve inventory accumulation. Organizations that provide services do not have the luxury of adjusting their inventories in periods of low or high demand. Therefore, services are regarded as fragile or consumables, whereby the services available but unused are regarded as wasted. A good example is in the transport industry, where companies suffer bus services between destinations. An empty seat cannot be sold to an different individual at a later period, and therefore considered as wasted.Aggregate planning is best suited for the manufacturing industry because organizations have the capability to create, hold and put up for sale stock at any period. On the other hand, aggregate planning in service provision varies significantly because services cannot be stocked. Both the capacity and the demand for service provision are unmanageable to assess and predict respectively. Labor is regarded as the most limiting factor in service

Marketing Plan for Atlantic Quench Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Plan for Atlantic allay - Essay ExampleThe researcher states that the current marketing strategy of Atlantic Quench is to push its product portfolio of existing juice products in its existing market. Atlantic Quench has specialized in producing cranberry juice products, which are known for its high nutritional value. Based on the current marketing strategies and the environmental condition, the marketing blueprint for the next year has been designed. The marketing plan of a company acts as a blueprint which guides the future marketing efforts of an organization. The marketing plan encompasses the developing the desired marketing mix and isolating the target customers based on the product phratry and posting of the company. This paper is focused on the marketing strategies and future marketing plan of a hypothetical fruit juice company called Atlantic Quench, which is a cooperative firm originated in the US. It covers a detailed study of the existing marketing strategies of the company along with the internal and external environmental analysis. The marketing plan has been outlined by SMART objectives and it includes the strategies to devise the future marketing mix and marketing communication strategies for the next year. The political environment of the nation largely influences the marketing strategies of a firm. It dictates the trade policies and regulations both in terms of domestic and overseas operation. Atlantic Quench mostly operates in the US which is its home uncouth and it has excessively diversified into UK. These nations have a relatively stable political structure to support the growth of a fruit juice company like Atlantic Quench. However, the rise of the interest rate by the US government has made it relatively difficult for companies to finance their business. Moreover, the political relationship between the home country and the host country can also influence the supply chain of the companies. Therefore, the success of internat ionalization of Atlantic Quench is dependent of the political status of the US.

Vermeer’s Painting Technique inWoman Holding a Balance Essay Example for Free

Vermeers Painting Technique inWoman Holding a Balance EssayJohannas Vermeers paintings, although masterpiece creations of large precision and detail, were hardly recognized until after his death. After his death, many observations and analysis were conducted. Much of his painting styles became noticeable by investigating his unfinished works. His lifelike paintings utilise very special techniques invented exclusively by him. The camera obscurer technique is his claim to fame. Constant reinventions of his painting techniques come around today in several opposite forms and style.The camera obscurer technique is widely used for theatre, film and stage designing. One of his most famous astounding paintings are A Woman Holding a Balance. The painting, A Woman Holding a Balance, is a portrait emphasizing riches, material wealth, luxury, femininity daintiness and delicacy. Upon looking at the picture, delicate feminine items represent material luxury jumps out and touches the viewe r. A woman wears a designer dark blue jacket with white fur trimmings. Such elegant jackets were fatigued by upper class wealthy women while doing their domestic duties.The exquisite jacket is lined with fur throughout the inside of the jacket, indicating this is an intricate designer original. At this time, the only heating resources available were a fireplace usually in the living room. The three boxes laying on the luxurious wooden table, containing intricate lucubrate luxurious designs are another outstanding symbology of wealth and riches. Red velveteen lines the largest box. Several intense, shinning pearl necklaces lay over the top of delicately carved jewelry box. To the removed left, in front of the painting is a blue velveteen mantle or cloth.The images sold and viewed today in cheat museums are restored. In the original paintings, the blanket resembled a greenish tone. The greenish tone was a side effect of the heavy yellowish varnish Vermeer used to shade or set hi s spotless paintings. Blue colorings are known to discolor varnish in paintings. On the wall, directly across from the woman, is an elegant ebony mirror. The mirror may indicate pridefulness and vanity. Many arguments and research looked into finding out what was the woman holding in the balance. Earlier sources concluded the balance was holding gold coins.However, microscopic research showed on that point was nothing in the balance. The message the balance contains may be interpreted infinitely. Perhaps the woman was involved in a peaceful solitary postulation or meditation ritual. The balance could stand for mental or emotional peacefulness, much like crystals used in prayer ceremonies. One of the most stunning highlights of this painting is natural sunlight furnishing the light in the room. The photograph bears incredibly noticeable brightness. The sunlight brings a hint of notoriety to the golden curtains. The painting contains a picture inside a picture.In the background, on the wall is a mysterious picture containing many subliminal shapes and designs. It may be considered abstract art work. In the upper center appears to be a man, perhaps an angel in human form, descending down from the heavens surrounded in glowing light. To either side appears to be what may be interpreted as animals, but not definitely so. At the bottom of the photo are designs seem to be lots of people. The photograph was apparently another famous painting named The Last Judgment. The woman may also be very pregnant, in her eight-spot or ninth month.

The enthalpy change of a reaction Essay Example for Free

The enthalpy diversity of a reply EssayThis is the equation for the reaction I intend to find the enthalpy change for. As this particular reaction is very difficult to measure the enthalpy change by carrying it tabu (the depravation of CaCO3 needs a temperature of over 800i C), I must use another method and it uses Hess Law. Hess Law States The enthalpy change for any chemical reaction is free of the intermediate stages, provided the initial and final conditions ar the same for each route. CaCO3 CaO + CO2 CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O. In simpler terms, the main point of Hess Law is that the total enthalpy change for the indirect route of a reaction is the same as the direct route, i. e. ?H1 = ? H2- ? H3. The diagram above represents a Hess Cycle or a Thermochemical Cycle. By discerning the enthalpy changes in two parts of the cycle, it is possible to calculate the third part and complete the cycle. This is how I am liberation to carry out my audition. For my experiment I leave be hind 1. ) React calcium carbonate with hydrochloric corrosive. 2. ) React calcium oxide with hydrochloric acid.In both of these reactions I will measure the enthalpy changes by enter the starting temperature and look outing the reaction, the end temperature. By following this procedure, I can calculate the change in temperature and consequently the enthalpy change. The apparatus I will need for these reactions includes 2 x Polystyrene Cups 250ml Beaker Digital Thermometer 50ml Measuring Cylinder I decided to use a polystyrene form so I could reduce modify loss polystyrene is an insulator, whereas if I had used glass heat loss would have been a huge influence on results.I am using a beaker so that when I need to move the reactants, I do not influence any temperature change just through my body heat. Also, the thought of the firmness of purpose spilling was not a pleasant one, so in case of spillage, the beaker would catch it. The digital thermometer is much more accurate than a conventional thermometer because it reads down to 1 decimal point. Safety Apparatus Safety glasses and lab-coat. The quantities of materials I have available HCl (2. 0 mol dm-3) As much as required CaCO3 among 2. 4g and 2. 6g CaO As much as required.In order to determine the quantities I will need to use in the experiment, I must carry out a few simple calculations. Here is the equation for the first reaction I will carry out, involving CaCO3 and HCl. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 This equation shows that 2 moles of HCl are involve for every 1 mole of CaCO3 to react. Using this information I can calculate the volume of HCl I will need in the reaction. I first need to find the number of moles of CaCO3 will be in the reaction Number of Moles = Mass Relative Formula Mass No. of moles of CaCO3 2.5g coulomb 0. 025 moles of CaCO3 Now I need to calculate the minimum amount of HCl I will need in the reaction. (Adding more would not affect the results because rate of reaction has no relevance to the experiment. All that is important in this reaction is that it is completed. ) Volume = Moles Concentration Volume of HCl 0. 05 (twice as many as CaCO3, as required) 2 0. 025 dm3 of HCl I now know that the quantities I require, in the first experiment, are as follows CaCo3 About 2. 5g HCl 50cm3 (25cm3 is minimum any less will affect results).In the piece reaction, involving Calcium Oxide and Hydrochloric acid, the equation is CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O Again, like the first reaction, 2 moles of HCl are required to react with 1 mole of CaO. To keep things simple, I am going to use the same number of moles of CaO as CaCO3. Mass = Moles x Relative Formula Mass Mass of CaO needed = 0. 025 x 56 1. 4g Volume of HCl needed 0. 05 (twice as many as Ca0, as required) 2 0. 025 dm3 In order to carry out these experiments, the following directions should be carried out carefully. Method for reaction 1 CaCO3 and HCl.Add 2. 5g of CaCO3 to a polystyrene cup. Place the poly styrene cup in a beaker. Add 50cm3 of HCl to a 50ml measuring cylinder. Measure the temperature of the HCl. Add the HCl to the CaCO3 and measure the end temperature. Once I have measured the end temperature I will compare it to the start temperature and calculate the temperature change. Method for reaction 2 CaO and HCl Add 1. 4g of CaO to a polystyrene cup. Place the polystyrene cup in a beaker. Add 50cm3 of HCl to a 50ml measuring cylinder. Measure the temperature of the HCl.Add the HCl to the CaO and measure the end temperature. Again, once I have measured the end temperature I will compare it to the start temperature and calculate the temperature change. Once the temperature changes have been calculate ? H needs to be found. Once all of the enthalpy changes have been calculated, follow the equation ? H1= ? H2- ? H3 Risk Assessment The substances which I am using are both fairly dangerous and have the potential to cause serious damage. Hydrochloric acid can cause burns and is ir ritating to the respiratory system.The molarity I am using is wholly irritant but this is still not pleasant. The only form of protection that is really needed while using HCl is to wear safety glasses. Calcium oxide causes burns and is irritating to the spirits, skin and respiratory system. Again, only eye protection is really needed with the use of this substance. By using my plan, I expect to get accurate and consistent results as I have calculated the exact amounts of substances needed and factors which will affect results, such as heat loss.Nothing in my experiment will give inaccurate or vary results as long as the method is followed strictly, i. e. correct and precise measurements of substances. The only way the experiment can be inaccurate therefore is through clement error. Sources used in devising my plan Haz-Cards. Chemical Ideas, Second Edition Burton, Holman, Lazonby, Pilling, Waddington. Class work notes Show preview only The above preview is unformatted school t ext This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Coffee Bean Essay Example for Free

Coffee attic EssayThe Coffee Bean Tea Leaf was founded by Mona and Herbert Hyman and it is established in Los Angeles, California in the year 1963. The first Coffee Bean Tea Leaf were established here in Malaysia in 1997. The club offers a wide variety of its own signature beverages that ranges from coffee to non-coffee drinks and launched their very own signature drink The Original Ice Blended in 1989 and has been the main highlight of its company ever since.We will take a look into the possibility of obstetrical delivery in a new product that could be a mainstay for the Ice Blended range that is already available here in Malaysia. Currently, the range of its Ice Blended drinks is limited to several coffee and non-coffee drinks. Although from succession to time Coffee Bean has been introducing promotional and seasonal Ice Blended drinks, none of these drinks will be served in the main menu after that the promotion is over. With this.Although a majority of Malaysians lik e to drink coffee lie drinks,With the introduction of the Honeydew Ice Blended to the market, it will help boost the challenge of bringing in new flavors for the market.Situation AnalysisThe Coffee Bean Tea Leaf is entering its fifteenth year of operation in Malaysia with many of its products ranging from its intimately known The Original Ice Blended beverages which carries coffee and non-coffee drinks have been well received by the public. However.2.2 SWOT AnalysisThe following SWOT analysis captures the signalize strengths and weaknesses for the proposed product and describes the opportunities and threats that it will face.2.2.1 StrengthThe Honeydew Ice Blended drink is offered during the summer seasons and it is well known as the refreshing summer drink in United States. With summer all year long in the South East Asia region, this product has also been proven as a main-stay in the Philippines and capital of Singapores The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf. This product carries a cool, c hilling and refreshing sweet taste which suits the pallets of the South East Asian region.2.2.2 WeaknessesThis product whitethorn not be suitable for coffee drinkers as the drink does not offer any coffee taste and its a fruit oriented drink. Its also not suitable for those who are watching their calories and diet as the drink carries a high calorie range due to the dessert and the cream that the drink offers. As this product targets the youth which comprises of teens and working adults in their twenties, some may be price sensitive to this beverage offer as it may be expensive compared to the local.2.2.3 OpportunitiesYounger generations, whom fell under the legal drinking age, are known as one of the fastest-growing segments of the beverages market. These generations prefer fresh and upcoming products rather than stagnant products that they have consumed daily. With a brand new product being introduced, it will trigger the targeted younger generation with the enthusiasm to go. The lifestyle factors converger.2.2.4 Threats spheric coffee and tea market have been increasingly growing and it has since been an extremely competitive sector. Coffee Bean Tea Leaf goes up against its closest rivals such as Starbucks, Dome, Cha Time and Old Town Caf here in Malaysia.CompetitionThe Coffee Bean Tea Leaf has been a powerhouse brand in providing its ice blended beverages. However, there are companies that do make similar ice blended beverages such as Starbucks and Cha Time. The Coffee Bean Tea put up has the upper hand because of the creation of the The Original Ice Blended line which gives the company the extra edge. Although the mentioned competitors have been making ice blended beverages, The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf has its own signature way of making these beverages special and cannot be matched with its competitors.

Strategies To Sell Seoul As A Leisure Destination Tourism Essay

Strategies To Sell capital of southwestward Korea As A Leisure Destination touristry EssayThis diploma paper introduces capital of southeastward Korea, the growing market as a leisure finish. The purpose of this paper is to vex and suggest ways for capital of southwestward Korea to accommodate out a fashionable leisure savoir-faire for Europeans. The paper starts with introduction to capital of South Korea, analysis of touring cars who visit capital of South Korea. Further to a greater extent than, this paper provides three ways for Seoul to become a popular leisure destination for Europeans by throw three beats including increasing awargonness, marketing which gives Europeans motivation and information, and an improvement on Seoul as a tourist city.Chapter one is an introduction to this paper, which gives a general thought about Seoul as a leisure destination.In chapter two, there pass on be a closer look at Seoul. Starting from general introduction to to the south Ko rea, this chapter arrive ats tourism industry in South Korea and a few passions in Seoul which argon divided into both traditionalistic and youthful points.Chapter three deals specifically with statistics related to visitors of South Korea, concentrating on residuum in the midst of Asian and European visitors. Then, it leads to stepping rock music of ways for Seoul to become popular among European leisure-oriented stumbleers.Chapter four shows the importance of internationalist government issues in terms of national image and tourism. To build aw beness and images of South Korea is linked for Europeans to be prompt to think about visiting South Korea. This chapter will explain this and gives a case.In chapter five, Hong Kong which is the one of the most popular destination in Asia is analyzed to be compargond to Seoul. By understanding and learning from the metropolis, Hong Kong, the milestone of next two chapters about marketing strategies and development of Seoul will be set up.Chapter six suggests marketing strategies to sell Seoul as a leisure destination for Europeans. As marketing strategies, the roles of government and media will be shown.Chapter 7 is about how to improve Seoul as a leisure destination. Through SWOT analysis, a few points will be suggested to develop Seoul to attract Europeans.In chapter eight, the last chapter, there is a conclusion based on all the chapters of why this research is valuable and published.IntroductionThis diploma paper was created to find and suggest ways for Seoul to become a popular leisure destination for Europeans. The capital city of South Korea, Seoul, has umteen both traditional and modern regards and great potentials to attract Europeans as a city tourism destination. However, it is not as much well-known as the fascinating cities in Asia such as Tokyo, Hong Kong, or Shanghai.For Europeans, Asia would seem to be somewhere new and adventurous. Since they do not know and are curious about the conti nent, their expectations of what they want to experience are reasonably oriental. However, some major(ip) cities kindred Tokyo are very westernized, modern barely if yet have their own uniqueness based on traditions and culture. Moreover, they would like to go to those arrays and see the real lives of the country. This is called City Tourism, which means that the city itself has lots of tourist attractions of accommodation, transportation, amusement facilities, culture, and food to keep back race from outside to be actuate to visit.Those both sides of attracts encourage Europeans to see oriental, traditional Asian parts and experience the real life of metropolis in Asia. In that respect, Seoul has true colorize of South Koreas culture and tradition behind and yet as a metropolis of more than 10 millions of residents, tourists would be able to see and experience how Korean live. In other words, Seoul has the real charms of pull Europeans.Then, why Seoul is not yet the popula r and concerned destination for Europeans to travel? This paper demonstrates the reasons and answers for the question. basic reason is that South Korea is still not well-known, especially for European tourists, which leads to the fact that it is crucial to amplification Europeans awareness of national images so that they would know and be motivated to visit South Korea. Also, there is lack of marketing strategies for Europeans to be encouraged to travel Seoul. Finally, Seoul should be improved more in terms of tourism industry, including cultural tourism, various activities and razets for tourists, the needs of overcome language barriers, and so on.South Korea was not the destination for leisure purposes until late of 1980s. After holding successful Olympics in Seoul, the world had started looking at the country differently, objet dart images of South Korea would have been poor and developing country after the Korea fight. Furthermore, 2002 World Cup Korea lacquer has emphati cally helped Korea to become a tourist destination that people talk about. Importance of international events, which will be acquainted later in chapter 5, is one of the major factors for a country to be well-known and improve tourism industry.2. Seoul as a tourist destinationIntroduction to South KoreaGeographically South Korea is set(p) in eastbounderly Asia, between China and lacquer. The Korean peninsula is roughly 1,030 km long and 175 km wide at its narrowest point. The land orbital cavity is 99,200 sq km, and it has a population of 48.6 million people. From Gojoseon which was the first form of country to after Japanese occupation, Korean War and division, Korea has more than 5,000 years of history. After Korean War and division from North Korea, the Republic of Korea had developed economy remarkably from 1960 to 1980s, which is called Miracle on the Han River. South Korea is a member of the OECD, and is classified as a high-income economy by the World Bank and an advanced economy by the IMF and CIA. South Korea is now a member of G-20 and will hold the annual G-20 disturbing in 2010. record of tourism industry in South KoreaAlong the development of economy, tourism industry as well as has been growing. This figure shows that the number of people visiting Korea from other countries explicate remarkably from 11,109 in the year of 1961 to 6,155,047 in 2006. Especially, between 1980 and 1992, Asia-Pacific region moved from being a minor player in the international tourism snapshot to becoming the nimbleest-growing and most talked about region of the world. And one of the fastest-growing markets was South Korea according to WTO (World Tourism Organization).Figure 1. Visitor Arrivals in South Korea from 1961-2006Introduction to SeoulSeoul is the capital city of South Korea. With a population of over 10 million, it is one of the worlds largest cities. It is also the second largest metropolitan playing area. Seoul is located on the Han River in the ce nter of the Korean Peninsula. Even though it may not be the center of South Korea geographically, Seoul is definitely the center of economy, politics, culture, and transport. Also, it is known as the hub of East Asia.Not surprisingly, this figure shows that among foreign visitors to South Korea, more than 70 percent of them visit Seoul.Year20032004200520062007Visitors (%)85.080.978.176.873.4Figure 2. Percentage of foreign visitors to Seoul taken from come up population of foreign visitors to KoreaSeoul is a very attractive city which has both oriental and modern characteristics. Traditional places such as palaces, temples, and traditional domiciliate villages attract people from the West as oriental attractions which are unfamiliar and interesting. Also, Seoul as a modern metropolitan city which shows how westernized Seoul is.Seoul as an oriental destination in AsiaGyeongbokgung (Gyeongbok Palace)(Seoul has been a capital city for approximately 600 years. Therefore, there are a lo t of palaces, especially the ancient princely palaces of the Joseon Dynasty Gyeongbokgung, Deoksugung, Changdeokgung, and Changgyeonggung.) Gyeongbokgung is the first palace of the Joseon Dynasty which was construct in 1395 and remained the core nucleus of autocratic rule through much of Joseon period. It was the palace where the head of state conducted important matters, legitimate foreign envoys, and assembled his court in royal rituals. Enthronements also took place here. (It is 340,000 m2 (square meter).)Remarkably, the most representative edifices of the Joseon Dynasty, Gyeonghoe-ru Pavilion and Hyangwonjeong Pond are still relatively in tact. Woldae and the sculptures of Geunjeongjeon (The magnificent Audience Chamber) represent the past sculpture art which was the trend back then.The National Palace Museum of Korea is located south of Heungnyemun Gate, and the National Folk Museum is located east within Hyangwonjeong.Bongeunsa (Bongeun Temple)One of the unique facts which attract people from Western countries is Korean Buddhism. Bongeunsa is one of only a few traditional Buddhist temples found in the city. Surprisingly, it is located in the busy, fast-paced part of the World Trade Center area. It is a pleasant place not only for Korean to visit but also for travelers to get to know Korean Buddhism culture. Temple Stay is what people can experience daily lives in a temple and learn Buddhism culture and spirits. In fact, lots of visitors stay there from few hours to 2 days to get to know Korean Buddhism, exotic culture.Bukchon Hanok VillageThere are traditional Korean houses remained in Bukhon Hanok Village. Most of houses are residences, but there are galleries, traditional workshops which sell fine jewelries, Korean restaurants, and minbak (Korean traditional Bed Breakfast).Insa-dong (Insa District)Insa-dong, located in the middle of the city, is an important place where old but precious and traditional goods are on display. Galleries, traditional restaurants, traditional teahouses, and cafes take place the whole area. The shops in Insa-dong are very popular among all age groups, because each one is unique. For young people especially, cheap but yet traditional and fine goods are sold in carts on the street. There are about 100 galleries in the area which travelers can see every example of traditional Korean fine art from paintings to sculptures.Seoul as a modern cityN Seoul TowerN Seoul Tower is the landmark of Seoul. It is located on top of Namsan Mountain and is a place where you can get fine views of Seoul. Built in 1969, it was a satellite tower but candid to the public in 1980. Besides fine views, the tower has restaurants, cafes, and shops. Lighting show which takes place every night is also attractive for visitors.Myeong-dong (Myeong District)Myeong-dong is a massive shop district where has all kinds of brand name shops and department stores are clustered along the streets and alleyways. Myeong-dong also has family restaurants, fast food, and Korean, Western and Japanese food.Hangang (Han River) and Cheonggyecheon (Cheonggye Stream)A place of liberalisation and convenient waterway transportation, the Hangang River is the center of Seouls urban renewal. Visitors come to the banks of the Hangang for leisure and recreation, an urban respite from the hectic pace of everyday life.Cheonggye Stream had been the biggest wholesale market in Seoul for more than 40 years after the Korean War. However, after renovation construction in 2003, it is now a beautiful tourist attraction and a leisure place for Koreans. Beautiful 22 bridges are decorated with 9,000 lights and 1,500,000 plants. Its length is 5.84 kilometer and 12.04 kilometer of walking paths are available. Especially, during December, the light show installed in the Cheonggye square which is the end of the stream is stunning.COEXThe COEX (Convention and Exhibition) building serves as the World Trade Center Seoul that includes a convention center , exhibition hall, and mall. It is a place for international conferences and cultural and arts events. It has successfully held the 3rd ASEM, the Noble Peace Prize, OECD international workshop, and many other international conferences. It has more than 200 exhibitions and over 2,000 international conferences and events annually. The COEX mall which is an underground obtain mall is the largest obtain center in Seoul. Also, it constitutes many other leisure places such as Aquarium, Megabox Movie Theater, Kimchi field museum, event court, and food court. Especially, Aquarium has more than 40,000 fish of 600 species and dozens of large sharks. Moreover, two chain hotels are connected to the place.Hongdae areaHongdae stands for Hongik University but also around the university, the area is for nightlife, various activities, and art performance. A lot of youngsters in Seoul spend their free time clubbing, shopping and enjoying gigs in this area. Especially, the last Friday of each month in Hongdae is Club Day, a wristband-powered event which allows entry to more than a dozen major clubs for the price of one.ItaewonItaewon district is a place where various foreign cultures gather. turn up between the southern slopes of Mountain Namsan and the Han River It started in the early 20th century, when it was a residential district for Japanese colonialists. Foreign communities form in the place, therefore many restaurants serving international dishes are found in this area including cuisine from India, Pakistan, Egypt, Turkey, Thailand, and Mexico, foods that are not widely available in Korea.3. Analysis of tourists visiting SeoulThis chapter acquaints with analysis of tourists visiting Seoul, South Korea. Based on the International Visitor Survey 2008 which was published by KTO (Korea Tourism Organization), this chapter will determine characteristics of visitors to South Korea, reasons why Asians travel South Korea more than Europeans do, which leads to differences betwe en Eastern and Western tourists to South Korea. Also, this chapter includes key points which lead to answer the question how Seoul can attract Europeans.It is important to mention that most of statistics and surveys used in this chapter are based on South Korea, not Seoul. However, since more than 70 percent of visitors to South Korea travel Seoul, those figures are clearly explained to figure out about Seoul.3.1. Statistics of visitors to South KoreaFirst of all, the figure is provided to show you percentage of visitors to South Korea in 2008. In 2008, the total number of visitors to South Korea was 6,890,841. 72.7 percent of visitors which means that 5,018,219were from Asian countries such as Japan, China, mainland China, and Thailand. The second largest proportion of the pie was people from Americas. The number of Europeans who visited South Korea in 2008 is 592,303, which is 8.6 percent. 1.9 percent of visitors were from Oceania and 1.1 percent of visitors to South Korea were fr om tenderness East such as Turkey. The smallest percentage, 0.4 percent of visitors was Africans in 2008.Figure 3. Percentage of visitors to South KoreaThe pie shows that visitors are mainly from Asia. To indicate this fact more obviously, the chart under is provided to see from which countries are the most visitors to South Korea. Clearly, the massive numbers of visitors are from near countries to South Korea such as Japan and China while only Russia is included this chart.Top 10 countries change of location South Korea (2008)RankCountry1Japan2China3United States4Taiwan5Philippines6Thailand7Hong Kong8Russia (Federation)9Canada10AustraliaFigure 4. Top 10 countries travelling South Korea (2008)3.2. Reasons why Asian travel South Korea more than EuropeansSince more than 70 percent of travelers to South Korea are Asians, it is critical to find ways to attract Europeans by comparing with Asians, especially Japanese and Chinese who visit South Korea the most. Therefore, this sup-chapt er will demonstrate reasons why Asian travel South Korea. There are several reasons why Asians travel South Korea more than Europeans such as geographical locations, more accessibility, Asians knowing South Korea and its culture well, and the Korean Wave.3.2.1. Geographical reasonsFirst of all, Asian countries especially Japan and China are nearer to South Korea than other countries so that it is easier and cheaper for people from those countries to visit South Korea. It takes an hour to visit Seoul from Tokyo, Shanghai, and Beijing by airplanes. For them, it might be even nearer to travel Seoul rather than other cities in their own countries and it is still other country which motivates them to travel for leisure purpose. Because of geographical factor, there is more accessibility for Japanese and Chinese to visit Seoul. While almost people from other countries visit South Korea by airplanes, some of Japanese and Chinese travel South Korea by ships. As an example of comparison, the re are approximately 30 flights in one day from Seoul to Tokyo, 26 flights from Seoul to Beijing, while only 5 flights in one day from Seoul to Paris.3.2.2. Cultural reasonsSince China, Japan, and Korea are located all in Northeast Asia, they have some ordinary and similar cultures behind them even though they all are individually unique. Therefore, tourists from China and Japan to South Korea feel more comfortable about travelling South Korea because they know the country. Moreover, they have more knowledge and experience about South Korea from education, media, and so on.3.2.3. The Korean waveThe Korean wave refers to the significantly change magnitude popularity of South Korean culture around the world since the 21st century. The term was coined in China in mid-1999 by Beijing journalists surprised by the fast growing popularity of South Koreans and South Korean goods in China. Globalization has had an impact on pop culture to be opened to foreign countries for last decade. Esp ecially, Korean TV dramas are really popular among Asian countries through the whole generations.As an example, Japan is the one of the countries influenced by Korean pop culture popularities, which leads to increase of Japanese travelers to South Korea. NHK, Japans public broadcaster introduced Winter Sonata as the first South Korean TV drama shown on its satellite channel in 2003. The TV drama created many syndromes about itself and because of its explosive popularity, Winter Sonata was aired twice in the same year and NHK published novels based on the screenplay and architectural plan guidebooks, as well as to produce DVDs, CDs and videos for both entertainment and for learning Korean. Meanwhile, travel agencies offer tour packages that highlight shooting locations of Winter Sonata and rare moments to meet the stars. The economic effects of Winter Sonata in South Korea have enormously benefited not only the entertainment but tourism industries, as well. As a result from Korean W ave, Japanese visitors accounted for 41.6% of 1.99 million visitors to South Korea in 2004.3.3. Differences between Asian and European visitorsThere are mainly two obvious differences between Asian and European travelers purposes of their visits and places that they visited. This subchapter will indicate the basis to determine ways to bring more Europeans to visit Seoul.3.3.1. Purpose of visitGenerally speaking, the percentages of business-oriented visitors and leisure-oriented travelers to South Korea are similar in 2008 according to the pie given below. Those two constitute more than 80 percent. However, people who visited for business/professional activities are slightly more than people who came to South Korea for leisure/entertainment/vacation reasons.Figure 5. Purpose of visit (2008)According to the chart below which shows the nationality and purpose of visit, there is a significant difference between Asian and European travelers. Asians, especially Japan and Taiwan, tend to v isit South Korea with leisure purpose, while there are more Europeans who came for business or professional activities than those who came for leisure purpose. The difference between business and leisure purposes is more than six times among Europeans.The Number of CaseBusiness/Professional activities (%)Leisure/ pastime/Vacation (%)Friends/Family visit (%)Total11,97842.040.411.5Japan4,31825.663.28.9China2,12839.237.113.1United States1,10857.312.223.9Taiwan58729.362.94.5Russia (Fed.)24968.510.610.8Canada19050.815.828.5Australia17550.625.011.9Germany16576.98.79.8England15976.08.310.9Figure 6. Comparison of purpose of visit (2008)3.3.2. Attractions in SeoulThere are two statistics about popular attractions in Seoul given. According to the first chart, the most visited place with 52.8 percent is Myeong-dong where has various shopping places and restaurants. The second and third most visited attractions are both market but yet have different characteristics. Dongdaemun market is also s toried place for shopping different items, mostly clothing. Travelers who visit Namdaemun market discover this place very interesting. Because everything from cheap electronic products to vegetables, live fishes supposed to be cut and sold secure away shows the real looks of Koreans. Also, they could find some traditional goods in cheap prices. 43.7 percent of answers to the survey dedicates to ancient palaces. Other places from Insa-dong where keeps traditional looks on the whole district to N Seoul Tower, the landmark of Seoul and Lotte World, the largest amusement park are visited by international visitors.Figure 7. Places Visited in SeoulHowever, a clear difference of the most visited place between Asians and Europeans is determined. For Asians, the most visited places are Myeong-dong and Dongdaemun market, which shows that they liked to go shopping in Seoul. Meanwhile, ancient palaces attract Europeans including English, Germen, French, and Russians according to the survey.Cou ntryJapanChinaTaiwanEnglandGermanyFranceRussiaThe most visited placeMyeong-dongDongdaemun marketDongdaemun marketAncient palacesAncient palacesAncient palacesAncient palacesPercent74.9 %63.9 %82.5 %49.2 %56.8 %63.6 %52.9 %Figure 8. The most visited place3.4. shuttingBased on figures analyzed in this chapter, three main conclusions are determined in order to sell Seoul as a famous and popular destination for Europeans. First of all, Europeans awareness of Korea should be increased so that they are motivated to travel. Secondly, not only to increase Europeans awareness but also to promote tourism industry, the government should do more marketing and advertising through various and effective ways. At last but not least, Seoul itself should become a more attractive and comfortable tourist destination. And that needs several factors like preserving traditional attractions, solving language barriers. From next chapter, this paper will fully concentrate on those three points.4. Internatio nal events for national image and tourismThis chapter focuses on national images and their impacts on tourism as the first step to bring more Europeans into visiting Seoul. The reason why this chapter is the first means is that raising their awareness is created by raising well-known, attractive and positive national images. At first, definition and importance of national images will be introduced, and then this chapter will deal with international events, which help effectively a venue to be known. To hold international events such as Olympic Games, Football World Cup, and exhibitions are crucial for a city or country to raise its images, which eventually make tourists motivated and attracted to visit before, during, and after the event. At the end of this chapter, there will be a case study about 2002 World Cup Korea Japan to demonstrate it.4.1. National imagesSince the advance of globalisation, national image and reputation have become more critical assets in the modern world. In order to build national images, governments try to develop those under the name of national stigmatisation as a marketing technique. The reputations of countries are similar to the brand images of companies and products.The American market Association (AMA) defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one vendor or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers. The brand resides within the hearts and minds of customers, clients, and prospects. It is the sum total of their experiences and perceptions, some of which you can influence, and some that you cannot. To succeed in branding you must understand the needs and wants of your customers and prospects. Likewise, a country needs to build its own images in order to understand and attract target audiences including foreign tourists. all(prenominal) country has its own characteristics, also referred as brand images. As mention ed above, some national images built in target audiences cannot be influenced by the governments efforts. Because those images are create by personal experience, the media, and so on. However, the government could improve and create positive and attractive national images to make potential tourists consider visiting the city or country by national branding.Images about tourism tend to last until the reality.Charming images promote collecting information and activity to try to visit the destination. create images become expectations about the destination.Expectations have impacts on evaluations.Influence on images depends on the degree of knowledge and experience of the destination.Figure 9. Seoho Uhm 1998, The study about measuring destination images The study of tourismThe figure above was published by a Korean expert from the institute of tourism in University of Kyonggi. It shows that images of destination are built not only by actual attributes of the destination but by potent ial tourists and their desires of travel activities.4.2. Impact of international events on tourism